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    October 25

    医疗改革再次走向歧途

    看新闻,一声叹息。
    总书记听取了若干专家的意见,不可谓不集思广益;指出若干意见,实现全民医保,不可谓不体贴入微,但是,我们的医疗改革从今天开始再次走向新的歧途。
    中国可不可能实行全民医保,这是个假问题。在目前的制度安排下,在目前的国家财力下,这不可能,无庸讳言。
    我这里不想展开谈,就说两点:
    第一,个人和医院谈判的框架不修正,医疗的费用不可能下降。西方的保险体系通过保险公司和医疗保险机构拥有医疗体系的方式,让保险公司一方面收购个人风险,一方面锁定治疗成本,这样,被控制的医疗体系能够有动力多快好省地解决病人病患。即使病人(保险者)在非定点医院看病,也可以由保险公司和医院在事后谈判,获得折让。这完全有别于中国大陆的个人患者和医院进行价格谈判,谈无可谈!以药养医纯粹是鬼话,严格意义上,地方统筹的医疗保险和地方医疗机构是一家所有,即地方政府,一方面,医院放大治疗成本,从中寻租,另一方面,地方的医疗保险机构却放任这种情况发生,这从理性角度审视非常难以想见。更可怕的是,商业保险机构完全对医院行为不作为,却采用专业保单条例伤害患者利益,这是赤裸裸的合谋和欺诈,无异于率兽食人!
    第二,目前国家的财力能不能实现全国统筹医疗保险,显然不可以。全民统筹是一个非常美好的字眼,但是很遗憾,在社保上有亏空,医疗保险更谈不上。如果几个地方有真正的好样板已经算是当地之福了。今天的困境是什么?一方面当然是财政不足够富裕,另一方面很重要,就是谁来为国家统筹的医疗保险机构对冲风险?卫生部么?它确实可以将直属大医院纳入保险机构控制的范畴,控制医疗成本,但是在乡村,这个问题怎么解决?如果还是保大病,到了基层就是小病拖成大病;如果都保,那就是道德风险的蔓延。
    在中国,药价受到了多方质疑,但最大的问题是医疗体制,根子不在医院不在药厂,不在卫生部不在发改委……
    要点在于,要放手采取机构制衡的思路,保护弱势的患者,在财力允许的情况下,尽量以点带面。如果真的采用全民统筹的思路,财力不及的时候草草收场,那不仅对政府声誉有损害,对民众信心和机构的野心都是不恰当的刺激。
     
     
    October 23

    经济适用房回购极其合理

    最近北京的民情似乎很为经济适用房回购消息而激动,买主认为利益受损,要求按照什么什么自己从来没真正相信过的人权物权得到补偿,潜在的购房者则欣喜莫名,认为老地主也有打盹的时候,终于出来这么一个和谐的政策,莫衷一是……
    我就奇怪,这其间为什么会有这么多不着调的言论出来。很明白,经济适用房制度是为了解决所谓低收入人群的住房问题,无论过程中出现什么偏差,买了经济适用房的人就是得到了帮助的人群,今天,他们有了两套房,出售经济适用房的时候定向卖给政府,怎么就成了政府不尊重他们的物权了?经济适用房房主买进的时候依据的就是倾斜政策,现在还要按照公平原则来市场化获利,这放到任何一个明白人那里都能看清楚的事情,到了中国就成了缠杂不清的吵架,真是悲哀。
    在我看,不但经济适用房要回购,中央国家机关的经济适用房、校产房等等这类房子都应该体系内循环,要有回购和定向流通政策,商品就是商品,但是早先不是商品的,溢价不能被放到个人腰包。
    说点题外的,今天国人总是家国分不清,自己的事情总要弄成社会问题才罢休。比如北京非著名烂尾住宅楼“东华金座”,明显就是一个期房融资失败,债权人会议讨论解决债务问题的事情,记者非要描述这个时间为受骗,受骗之后的自救也被弄得声情并茂。商业就是商业,千万不要加入太多感情,和钱有关的事情本身就没有什么道德正义理性,更不要扯xx权,那些东西不真实也没价值。倒是在一张张扭曲的脸后面,映出对利益的无比渴望。
     
    October 20

    香港的昨天就是我们的明天

    昨天中午一群人一起吃饭,谈及今天中国楼市,局中有人跳起来说如此下去必然崩盘、革命云云,当然是穷小子的话。可叹的是旁边一个人惊奇地说,“香港最后真的崩盘了?”sigh,这就是政策和新闻屏蔽的好处,一块红布就可以遮住懒惰者的眼睛,进而让他们觉得生活在天堂。
    香港当然崩过,呵呵,这不消说。问题是,香港为什么会把大额资金投入房地产,而最后导致崩盘。
    我们都知道李嘉诚之类的著名富豪,发家前都是做塑胶花、玩具之类轻工业的,在此类产业逐步转移的时候,香港尚可利用转口贸易从大陆吸取利益,可是当转口贸易也被大陆竞争优势剥夺后,先知先觉的资本持有者就只能选择进入固定资产的领域进行保值和运作。
    今天,大陆的情况和香港一样,民营企业在轻工纺织等行业优势已经下降,中国的劳动密集型产业在逐步进行跨地域转移甚至跨国转移,自身的技术研发原创能力原地踏步的时候,产业升级无异于空谈。其他的高利润行业基本都被国家资本垄断,此时,民间庞大的资本所有者队伍最理性的抉择就是进行资本品购买来保值。在投资品领域,股市容量小,债市更小,狼多肉少。
    买房子、炒地皮,大陆正在进入和香港一样的境地。今天,遏制投机决不是部门阳奉阴违的政策攻势能解决的,根本问题还要提供资金出路,即使是人民币有升值趋势,给出更多的选择,总比让资金别无选择地进入房地产领域要好许多,否则香港的昨天就是我们的明天。
    October 19

    信任穷人还是信任富人

    网络热议诺贝尔和平奖得主尤努斯在孟加拉的实践,看到若干煽情的奇文。
    “不用任何抵押,穷人也能贷款;乞丐也能借钱,还不用支付利息。而在这样宽松的借贷条件下,贷款的偿还率却高达99.02%。”当然,这是现象,有人还据此生发出穷人也要被信任,甚至穷人比富人更值得信任的议论。
    莫名其妙。
    国人看国外,不是以自我为中心就是主观猜测那边是阿鼻地狱,从来没有客观地讨论和了解。
    我们看这个特殊现象,要重视该国的文化传统,也要仔细研判相应的合约,单纯在今天礼崩乐坏的中国鼓励推动无抵押的小额担保贷款,只能在区域推广,如果在全国由大金融机构来做,那绝对是灾难。
    更何况,讨论谁更值得信任的说法本身就是非黑即白的传统思维,非此即彼的东西不可靠,这种议论方式属于上个世纪,绝对应该摒弃。
    October 17

    导致谢国忠辞职的信

    仔细一看,自然就知道流言的不确实了。
     
    I participated in the panels on commodity and China-India and in some obligatory dinner parties. On
    Friday night, the Singapore PM invited the speakers at the meetings that Singapore government organized.
    Trichet, Larry Summers, Paul Volker, Chuck Price, the finance ministers of ASEAN countries were there. No
    government official from China was there. I guess I was there to make it look like China was represented.
    The dinner was turned into an Oprah with PM Lee Hsein Long at the center. The topic was on the future of
    globalization. People fawned him like a prince. Of course, he is. There are two reigning royalties in
    the world that the Davos crowd kiss up to, Jordan and Singapore. The Davos crowd are Republican on economic
    issues and Democratic on social issues. Somehow, they mange to put aside their moral misgivings and kiss up
    to Lee Hsein and Abdullah.
    I tried to find out why Singapore was chosen to host the conference. Nobody knew. Some said that probably
    no one else wanted it. Some guessed that Singapore did a good selling job. I thought that it was a
    strange choice because Singapore was so far from any action or the hot topic of China and India. Mumbai or
    Shanghai would be a lot more appropriate. ASEAN has been a failure. Its GDP in nominal dollar terms has
    not changed for ten years. Singapore's per capita income has not changed either at $25,000. China's
    GDP in dollar has tripled during the same period.
    I thought that the questioners were competing with each other to praise Singapore as the success story
    of globalization. Actually, Singapore's success came mostly from being the money laundering center for
    corrupt Indonesian businessmen and government officials.
    Indonesia has no money. So Singapore isn't doing well. To sustain its economy, Singapore is building
    casinos to attract corruption money from China. These western people didn't know what they were talking
    about. Aside from the nauseating pleasantries, some useful information came out of it.
    Trichet sounded very bullish on euro-zone economy. He noted that euro-zone was catching up with the US in
    growth rate and talked about further gain in 2007. His tone was much more bullish than our house view.
    As Japan is surprising on the downside, I don't see how the rise of euro-yen could be stopped.
    Larry Summers and Paul Volker were very worried about the US economy. As you probably know, Alan Greenspan
    is talking the same way. At the CLSA conference last week, he talked like on of his critics. There is a
    fear of a US collapse. Many Americans think that an Rmb reval would save the US [sic]. This is just a
    dream, in my view.
    Most were worried about the future of globalization due to income inequality. As average workers in the
    west are not seeing wasge incrase, many may vote against globalization. I thought that they were
    understanding the benefit from cheap consumer goods. However, as inflation comes back, it does admonish
    the benefits for western consumers.
    No one was worried about the growth outlook for China or India. The Indian Planning Minister was very
    bullish, talking about 9% forever.
    My sense is that policymakers are related about the short-term economic outlook but anticipate the US
    collapse at some point. Americans think that Rmb reval could save the US. So they would keep
    pressuring China.
    Andy Xie
    October 12

    说说谢国忠吧

    谢国忠走了,国内媒体疯了。
    有人说谢本人是因为和摩根斯坦利的国内操作紧紧捆绑的,触怒了中央;有人说谢的内部邮件触怒了新加坡当局……
    中国人从来善于想象,从古到今那么多传说绝不是闹着玩的,捧人的时候可以有“狐悲鸣--大楚兴,陈胜王”,也可以“出生时红光满室”,棒人的时候,绝对可以杀头猪都能看到前朝败将的名字。到了2006年,还是这个臭毛病。
    以讹传讹可耻,就此事而言,我认为第一种观点明显错误,不要把摩根斯坦利看作是中央政府的跟屁虫,主要原因应在于谢的话违反了职业操守,在私下攻击了大客户---新加坡政府。
    先说关于“触怒中央”消息的不可信。我们往往误解,说外资托起了中国楼市,无疑包含了指责其哄抬房价的意味。但从事实来看,外资买入的主要是商业地产,和住宅并非同类产品,商业地产的性质是可以标准化为产品并获得固定收益,在对一国宏观经济走向有明确正面认识的时候,商业地产是很好的资产品种。我没听说过外资,尤其是摩根斯坦利之类的项目公司买国内住宅小区的例子,我只见过财政部买住宅小区商品房充作职工宿舍的例子,那才是真正的哄抬楼价。
    摩根斯坦利不是散户,而我们更应放弃标准的散户思维考察之。更重要地,从香港经验来看,摩根斯坦利确实通过研究员言论有过操纵市场的例子,但是往往牺牲的都是一般的研究员,象为了一个市场牺牲一个区域首席经济学家的例子,还闻所未闻。中国的影响力确实在上升,但是媒体的想象力上升的更快。
    新加坡的事情则较为可信,谢自称内部邮件如何如何,但是,作为一个具有国际影响的企业,即使在内部交流来议论客户也是不允许的,谢太活泼了,碰到了警戒线,自动离职并不冤枉。
    btw,我见过谢若干次,印象很好,人极聪明,语速快,和国内研究机构的海龟不同,他毫无官僚气象,在坚定持有自己核心观点的同时,广泛打击不同的看法,并且言简意赅。
    无疑,一个人才!